How many backup water supply systems must hospitals have?

Hospitals are critical facilities that require a continuous and reliable supply of water for various essential functions, including patient care, sanitation, and life-support systems. Due to their operational demands and the need to ensure safety during emergencies, hospitals are typically required to have at least two backup water supply systems.

The rationale for having two backup systems is rooted in the need for redundancy. This ensures that if one system fails or is compromised, the second system can provide the necessary water supply without interruption. One backup could be used for immediate needs, while the other can be maintained for longer-term emergencies or maintenance issues. This redundancy is crucial for maintaining operational integrity during power outages, natural disasters, or equipment failures.

In contrast, needing just one backup might not provide sufficient assurance against the potential failure of the primary water supply. More than two backup systems may exceed what is practically required for most facilities, leading to unnecessary complexity and cost without significantly enhancing safety or reliability. Consequently, having two backup systems is aligned with best practices and regulatory standards for healthcare facilities.